Hence, it is true that no single reader could understand all the languages in the Wake. Joyce’s text finds its pleasures in the knowledge that language is innately unstable and ambiguous. 14) however the references might not seem consistent enough to establish any real or acceptable thematic emphasis. 36) or Rud-e Aras in the north-west of Iran.( 7) Persia or Iran features on several occasions in the Wake, “Irenean” ( FW 23. In a talk with Max Eastman about this chapter, he remarked on his use of so many river names, and said that he “liked to think how some day, way off in Tibet or Somaliland, some boy or girl in reading that little book would be pleased to come upon the name of his or her home river.”( 6) The Anna Livia chapter includes the name of Persian river “Arras” ( FW 53. For example, in “Anna Livia Plurabelle,” Joyce successfully used three hundred and fifty river names. Thus, it gives not only a jolt of pleasure but also so much exquisite joy to the Persian reader. Most of these words are basic Persian words used both in daily speech and in written texts. Some Persian words are used throughout the text.
30) There is a perspective of quotations from the Persian story of Shahrzad, a mirage of Persian structures, culture and Joyce’s departures and returns from English to Persian or vice versa. 25-6), he refers to the meander tall tale told by Shahrzad and it is “Damadam( 5) to infinities!” ( FW 19. Therefore, when Joyce writes “What a meanderthalltale to unfurl and with what an end” ( FW 19. The same strategy is used by Shahrzad in the interwoven stories of The Thousand and One Nights. Words do not picture the world independently of their users and readers, neither do they hold reality in their grasp for our calm contemplation, nor do they transmit to us the way things were or are.įor instance, Joyce toys with so many characters, city names, river names and words in different languages and describes human beings, metamorphosing them into objects such as stone and tree. Hence, the reader is confronted with a book of languages and foreign words, containing no fixed nationalities, and even identities for the characters. It is rare to have one meaning that would be present in such a work, but rather a constellation of meanings and various echoes of other cultures. The delightful oscillation of the ambiguous and often incomprehensible words is set awhirl in the novel. This Joycean view of the Persian stories makes both Finnegans Wake and Shahrzad’s riveting tales everlasting. Although it is a “great mound of stories, a gigantic accumulation of the world’s narrative,”( 4) it is not one of them it is, in fact, all of them which occur in this novel at the same time. Now are all tombed to the mound, isges to isges, erde from erde” ( FW 17. Hence, Joyce’s novel includes stories similar to those narrated by Shahrzad: “Countlessness of livestories have netherfallen by this plage, flick as flowflakes, litters from aloft, like a waast wizard all of them whirlworlds.
It seems that “one thousand and one stories” is written as a result of reading the Persian story of The Thousand and One Nights.( 3) While the most immediate and substantial link between Joyce and Persia is a rare-known biographical one, the references to The Thousand and One Nights demonstrate Joyce’s points of contact with the Persian culture. 22, 34) story, is the wake of that already. There are many fragments of deja lu, or of something that he had always been already read, or experienced and the Wake, this “unenglish” “fablebodied” ( FW 160. Practicing the varieties of languages, Joyce inserts himself vehemently into the “annals of literary history.”( 2) Indeed, Finnegans Wake is penned in dozens of languages and includes thousands of stories and obscure allusions to different kinds of literature sharing the same subjects, as Joyce writes, “There extend by now one thousand and one stories, all told, of the same” ( FW 5. Even though an Irish novelist, James Joyce was able to “transform, deform”( 1) and control English language as well as mix it with other languages such as German, Italian, and even Persian.
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